Category: Politics-Africa & International

  • “Trump’s unfounded attack on Cyril Ramaphosa was an insult to all African”-President John Dramani Mahama

    If we want to solve injustices in Africa today, we cannot forget the injustices that shaped our shared history
     
    The meeting at the White House between Donald Trump and the South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa, was, at its heart, about the preservation of essential historical truths.
     
    The US president’s claims of white genocide conflict with the actual racial persecution and massacres that took place during the two centuries of colonisation and nearly 50 years of apartheid in South Africa.

    It is not enough to be affronted by these claims, or to casually dismiss them as untruths. These statements are a clear example of how language can be leveraged to extend the effects of previous injustices.

    This mode of violence has long been used against Indigenous Africans. And it cannot simply be met with silence – not any more.

    The Kenyan writer Mzee Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o wrote: “Language conquest, unlike the military form, wherein the victor must subdue the whole population directly, is cheaper and more effective.”

    African nations learned long ago that their fates are inextricably linked. When it comes to interactions with the world beyond our continent, we are each other’s bellwether.

    In 1957, the year before my birth, Ghana became the first Black African country to free itself from colonialism. After the union jack had been lowered, our first prime minister, Dr Kwame Nkrumah, gave a speech in which he emphasised that, “our independence is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of Africa”.

    Shortly after, in 1960, was the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa, which resulted in 69 deaths and more than 100 wounded. In Ghana, thousands of miles away, we marched, we protested, we gave cover and shelter.

    A similar solidarity existed in sovereign nations across the continent. Why? Because people who looked like us were being subjugated, treated as second-class citizens, on their own ancestral land. We had fought our own versions of that same battle.

    I was 17 in June 1976, when the South African Soweto uprising took place. The now-iconic photo of a young man, Mbuyisa Makhubo, carrying the limp, 12-year-old body of Hector Pieterson, who had just been shot by the police, haunted me for years.

    It so deeply hurt me to think that I was free to dream of a future as this child was making the ultimate sacrifice for the freedom and future of his people. Hundreds of children were killed in that protest alone. It is their blood, and the blood of their forebears that nourishes the soil of South Africa.

    The racial persecution of Black South Africans was rooted in a system that was enshrined in law. It took worldwide participation through demonstrations, boycotts, divestments and sanctions to end apartheid so that all South Africans, regardless of skin colour, would be considered equal.

    Nevertheless, the effects of centuries-long oppression do not just disappear with the stroke of a pen, particularly when there has been no cogent plan of reparative justice.

    Despite making up less than 10% of the population, white South Africans control more than 70% of the nation’s wealth. Even now, there are a few places in South Africa where only Afrikaners are permitted to own property, live, and work.

    At the entrance to once such settlement, Kleinfontein, is an enormous bust of Hendrik Verwoerd, the former prime minister who is considered the architect of apartheid.

    Another separatist town, Orania, teaches only Afrikaans in its schools, has its own chamber of commerce, as well as its own currency, the ora, that is used strictly within its borders.

    It has been reported that inside the Orania Cultural History Museum there is a bust of every apartheid-era president except FW de Klerk, who initiated reforms that led to the repeal of apartheid laws.

    Both Kleinfontein and Orania are currently in existence, and they boast a peaceful lifestyle. Why had the America-bound Afrikaners not sought refuge in either of those places?

    Had the Black South Africans wanted to exact revenge on Afrikaners, surely, they would have done so decades ago when the pain of their previous circumstances was still fresh in their minds. What, at this point, is there to be gained by viciously killing and persecuting people you’d long ago forgiven?

    According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, half of the population of South Africa is under 29, born after the apartheid era and, presumably, committed to building and uplifting the “rainbow nation”. For what reason would they suddenly begin a genocide against white people?

    Ramaphosa was blindsided by Trump with those unfounded accusations and the accompanying display of images that were misrepresented – in one image, pictures of burials were actually from Congo. Trump refused to listen as Ramaphosa insisted that his government did not have any official policies of discrimination.

    “If you want to destroy a people,” Archbishop Desmond Tutu once said, “you destroy their memory, you destroy their history.” Memory, however, is long. It courses through the veins of our children and their children.

    The terror of what we have experienced is stored at a cellular level. As long as those stories are told, at home, in church, at the beauty and barber shop, in schools, in literature, music and on the screen, then we, the sons and daughters of Africa, will continue to know what we’ve survived and who we are.

    Mzee Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o wrote: “The process of knowing is simple. No matter where you want to journey, you start from where you are.” We journey forward with a history that cannot be erased, and will not be erased. Not while there are children dying in the mines of the Congo, and rape is being used as a weapon of war in Sudan.

    Our world is in real crisis; real refugees are being turned away from the borders of the wealthiest nations, real babies will die because international aid has been abruptly stopped, and real genocides are happening in real time all across the globe.

    SOURCE

    THE GUARDIAN ONLINE

  • President Ramkalawan Presides Over Official Handover of New SBC Headquarters

    President Ramkalawan Presides Over Official Handover of New SBC Headquarters

    The President of the Republic, Mr. Wavel Ramkalawan, accompanied by Vice President Mr. Ahmad Afif, presided over the official handover ceremony of the new Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) headquarters at Union Vale Yesterday morning.

    Funded through a generous grant from the People’s Republic of China, construction of the state-of-the-art facility commenced in April 2019 and was carried out by Hunan No.6 Engineering Co. Ltd. Despite delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and various technical challenges, the project has been successfully completed to the highest standards.

    The facility consists of three specialized blocks housing the radio station, television studios, and administrative offices, all equipped with cutting-edge technical equipment, marking a significant advancement in the nation’s media infrastructure.

    A key moment of the ceremony was the symbolic handover of keys, first from Chinese Ambassador H.E. Ms. Lin Lan to the Vice President, and subsequently from the Vice President to the Chief Executive Officer of the SBC, Mr. Berard Dupres.

    In her welcoming speech, Chinese Ambassador to the Republic of Seychelles, H.E. Ms. Lin Lan, expressed her deep honour in officially handing over the SBC headquarters to the Seychelles Government. She extended her gratitude for the excellent cooperation between various departments that enabled the successful completion of the project.

    “The broadcasting industry plays a crucial role in modern society by serving as a vital media tool for information dissemination, cultural heritage preservation, and social services. It is a significant driving force of social progress and cultural development,” she stated. “The official handover of the SBC project marks a new milestone between China and Seychelles in cultural communication and cooperation.”

    Addressing the gathering, Vice President Mr. Ahmad Afif expressed profound gratitude to the People’s Republic of China for its generosity and unwavering support. He reflected on the evolution of broadcasting in Seychelles, highlighting its steady progress and modernization over the years.

    “It is a very fast-evolving sector, and we are very proud to see something so modern,” said the Vice President. He expressed confidence that the new facility will enhance SBC’s ability to fulfill its mandate and encouraged all media stakeholders to fully embrace this new asset as they embark on a new era in modern communication.

    The event also featured cultural performances, including traditional songs and dances, celebrating the enduring friendship, mutual gratitude, and productive cooperation between China and Seychelles.

    This landmark development marks a new chapter in the nation’s broadcasting capabilities and stands as a testament to international partnership in support of media development.

    Among the distinguished guests present at the ceremony were the Speaker of the National Assembly, Mr. Roger Mancienne; Principal Minister, Mr. Jean-François Ferrari; Member of the National Assembly, Hon. Andy Labonte; Vice-President of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, Mr. Yuan Mingdao and his delegation; Chairman and members of the Association for the Promotion of Friendship between Seychelles and China; as well as SBC’s CEO, Deputy CEO, and other esteemed attendees

    SOURCE

    STATE HOUSE 

  • Global Attention Towards Africa Sours

    Global Attention Towards Africa Sours

    By: Mohammed A. Abu

    The 6th of March this year witnessed the Canadian Government’s launch of Canada-Africa Strategy-A Partnership for Shared Prosperity and Security.

    “With this strategy, Canada is leveraging its long-standing partnerships with African countries to unlock unprecedented opportunities for prosperity and stability from which Canadians and the African people can mutually benefit for years to come,” said the Hon. Mélanie Joly, Minister of Foreign Affairs

    This comes on the back of the African Union and Japan’s expression of commitment to co-creating a Sustainable Future for Africa at a Ministerial meeting ahead of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development(TICAD) 9 Summit last year.

    On the occasion of the launch, a number of stakeholders, including Canada-Africa Chamber of Business members, were invited by the Government of Canada to join a briefing with PS Rob Oliphant, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

    Invited Canada-Africa Chamber of Business members briefly convened for networking and information-sharing, over light refreshments, immediately preceding the briefing. “Aligned with the African Union’s continental blueprint, Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, Canada’s Africa Strategy was developed over a 2-year period through extensive consultations with Canadian and international stakeholders and African partners and stakeholders,” noted Global Affairs Canada.

    “PS Rob Oliphant effectively described the strategy as the basis for a work plan to which all stakeholders are invited to co-create and deliver as Team Canada,” said Paula Caldwell St-Onge, Chair of the Board of the Canada-Africa Chamber of Business.

    The Chair added: “I am delighted so many Chamber members and sponsors have re-committed to their ongoing work across African markets –  through economic engagement as businesses, in addition to supporting conference programs open to all Canadian companies and African counterparts. Ongoing discussions on this first-ever Africa Strategy will be included in upcoming conferences in Canada and African markets, to accelerate Canada-Africa trade and investment.”

    The Chamber encourages all to get involved in the work plan process as it pertains to the role of businesses, and is committed to ongoing information-sharing, in line with our mission, to further the development of commercial ties – through networking and the exchange of best practice and innovation that enables economic prosperity for all.

    As a non-partisan business organization, the Chamber also thanks and recognizes all elected leaders – from various parties and economic portfolios – both for their invitations to Chamber members to engage directly, as well as their participation in Chamber events as invited guests. Our members look forward to ongoing engagements on trade and investment, in the context of the private sector’s role in market-driven growth.

    A number of Canada-Africa Chamber of Business members attended, following the briefing with their perspectives, and commitments, in support for Canada’s presence in African markets:

    “We applaud the Honourable Minister Joly, Honourable Minister Ng, Honourable Minister Hussen, and Parliamentary Secretary Rob Oliphant on the launch of Canada’s first Africa Strategy,” said Christopher Berschel, CEO of Sealion Cargo Inc, a Chamber member who was among the invitees: “This unified direction, underpinned by a long standing partnership and joint cooperation, lays out 5 key foundational pillars that Canadians and the 54 African nations can stand behind, with a joint sense of drive and pride. As the strategy turns to execution, we – together with The Canada Africa Chamber of Business – look forward to active participation in the development of new connections, new trade facilities, and streamlined trade solutions for both imports and exports.”

    Over 600 attendees joined Africa Mining Breakfast and MineAfrica’s 23rd Annual Investing in African Mining Seminar

    The Canada-Africa Chamber of Business 26th Annual African Mining Breakfast & MineAfrica’s 23rd Annual Investing in African Mining seminar presented by Hatch featured 56 speakers and 620 attendees throughout the morning on March 4th at the Sheraton Hotel.

    The breakfast featured addresses from numerous leaders, including:
    –    The Hon. Ahmed Hussen, Canada’s Minister of International Development
    –    The Hon. Emmanuel Armah-Kofi Buah, Minister of Lands and Natural Resources, Republic of Ghana
    –    Abdul Rahman Amoadu, Managing Director – Africa and Canada, Newmont
    –    Paul Lefebvre, Mayor, City of Greater Sudbury
    –    Joe Lombard, Vice-Chair, Hatch
    –    Paula Caldwell St-Onge, Chair, The Canada-Africa Chamber of Business

    MineAfrica’s spotlight sessions also featured country overviews by African Mining Ministers, project updates by mining CEOs and presentations on current trends in African mining by expert advisers. MineAfrica also had 11 exhibitors (and 85 delegates) in the PDAC Trade Show.

     Africa CEO Forum, Abidjan, May 11-14

    The Canada-Africa Chamber of Business is also partnering in the delivery of the Official Canadian Reception and concurrent program during the Africa CEO Forum, the continent’s largest annual event dedicated to the private sector bringing together over 2,000 business leaders, investors, policymakers, and influential figures from around the world in Cote d’Ivoire this year.

    The Canada Program includes a welcome reception for the Canadian delegation on May 11th, bringing together the business community and other guests at the Official Residence of the Canadian Ambassador in Côte d’Ivoire. The program runs through to May 14th and will also include a networking breakfast, B2Bs, a business panel and informal networking opportunities.

    Supporting the call of the Canadian Embassy to Côte d’Ivoire, the Chamber is encouraging Canadian businesses to participate in the Africa CEO Forum to access rapidly growing markets and explore strategic partnerships in key sectors such as agribusiness, clean technologies, ICT, and infrastructure. In addition to the Chamber’s support for its members in Abidjan, Canada’s Trade Commissioner Service stands ready to assist all Canadian companies attending.

    SOURCE

    The Canada-Africa Chamber of Business

  • Trump’s ‘electroshock’ on Ukraine ends the debate: Europe cannot rely on the US for its security-By Browen Maddox

    Trump’s ‘electroshock’ on Ukraine ends the debate: Europe cannot rely on the US for its security-By Browen Maddox

    Independent Thinking Expert comment   Published 14 February 2025

    Director and Chief Executive,Chatam House

    The Munich Security Conference begins today with European leaders in a state of shock, following the news that President Donald Trump has spoken directly to Russian President Vladimir Putin in a 90-minute phone call. Trump evidently did so without consulting Ukraine or NATO allies.

    He announced the call after the fact, along with the news that direct negotiations to end the war in Ukraine would begin ‘immediately’. He proposed a summit in the near future in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

    With his actions the president has unilaterally lifted Putin’s diplomatic isolation and provoked astounded reactions across Europe. When the initial shock subsides, the significance of the change in US policy that this represents will sink in. The conference has much to consider – but at least certain truths are now painfully clear.

    Walking back

    Trump’s credentials as a dealmaker are now unquestionably damaged. This week, before any negotiations have commenced, his administration has publicly vowed that Ukraine will not be part of NATO, implied that Russia could keep territory it has taken in its war, and firmly stated that no American troops will defend Ukraine.

    Boris Pistorius, Germany’s defence minister, was the first to make the point that there is no art in any deal that makes the most important concessions before negotiations even begin. Among other defence ministers and intelligence chiefs gathering for the conference, ‘appeasement’ is the term being exchanged, in deliberate recognition of its historical resonance here in Munich.

    Yet even that fails to capture the full significance of President Trump’s actions. Trump has made clear that friends and allies count for nothing. He has fundamentally undermined European confidence in US commitment to NATO and the principle of mutual defence – the underpinning of peace and security in Europe for over 75 years.

    And he has jettisoned the notion that the US should try to set the principles by which the world is ordered. President Trump has made clear that the pursuit of what he sees as immediate US interest is more than a campaign slogan, it is his resolved policy.

    As was the case following Trump’s Gaza proposals, US officials attempted to walk back or reframe certain elements of the president’s language: the US might still help contribute to a security guarantee for Ukraine, it was stated. Europe’s leaders will be far from convinced. The damage has been done. Even after the president leaves office it could take years, even decades to repair.

    Europe’s response

    EU countries and the UK now have immediate, difficult decisions to make: how to support Ukraine; how to defend the European continent; and what form US relations should now take.

    On Ukraine, European countries have a few cards to play. They hold most of the frozen Russian assets which presumably will form part of a negotiation with Putin. They have also been a prime customer for Russian gas. Even if the pressure to buy this cheap energy again is rising (it is an audible issue in the German election campaign), it remains a bargaining point.

    the us has made clear that it does not intend to help defend a line of cessation of fighting between Ukraine and Russia.

    But any durable peace requires a convincing security guarantee for Ukraine. That is now imperilled. Besides ruling out NATO membership, the US has made clear that it does not intend to help defend a line of cessation of fighting between Ukraine and Russia, stating that any such defence will have to come from European countries.

    In practice, that is likely to mean a military presence deployed by the UK, France and Poland. But any useful commitment would absorb almost all of the UK’s diminished armed forces. And it is hard to see how any purely European defence of Ukraine could be effective without support from US airpower and missile technology. (The Trump team has hinted this might be available).

    SOURCE

    CHATAM HOUSE NEWSLETTER

  • Ghana gets African and Global Spotlight

    Ghana gets African and Global Spotlight

    Story: Mohammed A. Abu

    The people of the West African nation of Ghana during the country’s 2024 elections, demonstrated their collective commitment towards the use of their thump power in the change of political administrations bolstered by the long established transition order of peaceful transfer of political power from one administration to another.

    Flashback

    Following the restoration of democratic governance in Ghana by a former military ruler J.J. Rawlings in 1992 became a civilian ruler under the forth Republic Constitution and was in power for two terms from 1992-1996.

    He was to lose power during the 2000 elections to former President J.A. Kufuor-led opposition, the New Patriotic Party(NPP). This marked a turning point in Ghana’s democratic governance-change of political power through the ballot box and transfer of political power from one political administration to another.

    Coming against this democratic political background, Former President John Dramani Mahama and her running mate, Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang following their party, the National Democratic Congress(NDC)’s victory in the 2024 elections, were yesterday sworn in as the country’s new President and her first ever female Vice President respectively.

    The oath of allegiance and Presidential oaths were administered by Chief Justice Gertrude Torkornoo at the Black Star Square in the country’s capital city of Accra.

    President Mahama in his inaugural address, promised to focus on economic recovery, governance reforms, and accountability, called for a national reset to rebuild faith in Ghana’s institutions and leadership, introduction of a 24-hour economy model to create jobs and stimulate industries and strengthening of regional and international partnerships.

    He underscored the importance of tackling youth unemployment and gender equality celebrating Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang’s historic role while also urging business leaders and entrepreneurs to join in building a business-friendly Ghana

    “I feel greatly honoured that Ghanaians deemed me worthy to steer the affairs of this country at this critical stage,” Mahama said, expressing gratitude for the trust placed in him by the electorate.

    President Mahama also recounted how far he and the outgoing President Nana Akoffu Addo have come together in their political careers that transcended into mutual respect for each other despite the fact that, they belong to two opposing political camps.

    He also praised the election campaign of former Vice President Dr. Mahmudu Bawumia while also acknowledging his early conceding of defeat that helped defuse political tension that was building up in the country.

    The Special Guest of Honour, President Tinubu of the Federal Republic of Nigeria wished President Mahama well in his national assignment the success of which he said was good for Nigeria, Ghana and Africa.

    He also assured President Mahama of his unwavering support towards his commitment to strengthening of regional partnerships. Which he noted was good for Nigeria, Ghana and Africa as a whole.

    External Patronage

    Africa

    The inauguration enjoyed patronage across the continent from the Western, Central, Eastern, Southern and Northern sub-regions. In attendance were over twenty-one sitting Presidents and former Presidents and Prime Ministers, representing their respective countries were at the ceremony.

    Also in attendance were the President of Africa’s premier bank, the African Development Bank(AfDB) and President of the ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development.

    International

    Also in attendance were the Mayor of Los Angeles, US, Prime Minister of Haiti, former German Vice President, and high profile representatives from China, Japan, Arab Gulf region, Russia, and Israel were in attendance. Also in attendance were also Envoys from the AU, EU and UN.

    What to Expect?

    President John Dramani Mahama has outlined focus areas of his new administration in the first 10 days.

    In expectation are executive orders to address inflation, currency stabilization, and debt management, along with steps to review tax policies to ease the burden on businesses as economic stabilization measure, announcement of first wave of government appointments, including the Finance Minister, Attorney General, and other critical positions, focus on anti-corruption measures, empowering institutions to ensure transparency and recovery of public funds under an accountability drive, Presidential meeting with business leaders to reaffirm that Ghana is open for business and outline plans for a 24-hour economy,and the launching of job creation initiatives, with a focus on youth employment and entrepreneurship

    Cover Photo: Credit,Ghana Broadcasting Corporation(GBC)

  • The Nation and Democracy Wins in Ghana

    The Nation and Democracy Wins in Ghana

    By: Mohammed A. Abu

    Following the generally peaceful Presidential and Parliamentary elections held on December 7, in the West African nation of Ghana, the Chairperson of the country’s Electoral Commission(EC), Jean Mensa, on December.9, declared the country’s former President John Dramani Mahama as the winner of the country’s 2024 Presidential elections and President elect.

    According to Jean Mensa, who is also the EC’s returning officer, Mr. John Mahama polled 6,328,397 representing 56.55% of the total ballot cast, while his main contestant, the vice president and presidential candidate of the governing New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr Mahamudu Bawumia on his part, secured 4, 657, 304, representing 41.61%.

    As a commission, we have fulfilled our vowed aspiration to have transparency at the heart of our operations”, she said as she declared the results” adding, “voters choce as expressed in the polls are sacrosanct”.

    President elect, Mr. John Dramani Mahama in his maiden post-election speech, vowed to “initiate important governance reforms and sometimes severe measures” over the next four years to reset the nation and bring it back on track as “the Black Star of Africa.”

    “This mandate represents a call to action… This mandate marks a new beginning and sets the tone for a new direction for our beloved country. Ghana is not for one man or one family. It is for all of us, and we must not only be born and die here, but we must all live here with satisfaction,”

    He also thanked Ghanaians both in Ghana and abroad for continuing to believe in Ghana’s democracy despite the challenges.

    Prior to the official announcement of the Presidential election results by the EC Chairperson, Dr. Mahmud Bawumia, on December,7,had  congratulated and conceded defeated to his main contestant, John Dramani Mahama now President elect of the National Democratic Congress(NDC).

    Mahamudu Bawumia stated that his decision to concede ahead of the official announcement was aimed at reducing tension and upholding the country’s reputation as a beacon of democracy in Africa.

    “I said during the signing of the peace pact that I was sure of two things: Ghana will win, and peace will reign,” Dr. Bawumia recounted.

    “The people of Ghana have spoken. The people have voted for change at this time, and we respect that decision with all humility.”

    “It is important that the world investor community continues to believe in the peaceful and democratic character of Ghana. These are our most important assets,” Dr. Bawumia intimated, while reiterating his commitment to the nation over personal political ambitions.

    Dr. Bawumia expressed pride in his campaign and gratitude to the NPP for their support, while gracefully acknowledging the electoral outcome as part of the democratic process. “We put our best foot forward in the contest, explaining our policies and programs. However, it is sometimes the case that the voter would have other ideas,” he observed

    He pledged the NPP’s support for a seamless transition to the new government and assured Ghanaians that the party would adopt a constructive approach as the opposition.

    “We will not be a disruptive opposition, even though we will subject government actions and policies to strict scrutiny in the interest of our beloved nation,” Dr Bawumia stated.

     

     

     

     

  • The IMF is failing countries like Kenya: why, and what can be done about it

    The IMF is failing countries like Kenya: why, and what can be done about it

    Author: Danny Bradlow

    Professor/Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria

    First Published,July,2,2024 

    The recent Kenyan protests are a warning that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is failing. The public does not think it is helping its member countries manage their economic and financial problems, which are being exacerbated by a rapidly changing global political economy.

    To be sure, the IMF is not the only cause of Kenya’s problems with raising the funds to meet its substantial debt obligations and deal with its budget deficit. Other causes include the failure of the governing class to deal with corruption, to spend public finances responsibly and to manage an economy that produces jobs and improves the living standards of Kenya’s young population.

    The country has also been hammered by drought, floods and locust infestations in recent years. In addition, its creditors are demanding that it continue servicing its large external debts despite its domestic challenges and a difficult international financial and economic environment.

    The IMF has provided financial support to Kenya. But the financing is subject to tough conditions which suggest that debt obligations matter more than the needs of long-suffering citizens. This is despite the IMF claiming that its mandate now includes helping states deal with issues like climate, digitalisation, gender, governance and inequality.

    Unfortunately, Kenya is not an isolated case. Twenty-one African countries are receiving IMF support.

    In Africa, debt service, on average, exceeds the combined amounts governments are spending on health, education, climate and social services.

    The tough conditions attached to IMF financing have led the citizens of Kenya and other African countries to conclude that a too powerful IMF is the cause of their problems. However, my research into the law, politics and history of the international financial institutions suggests the opposite: the real problem is the IMF’s decline in authority and efficacy.

    Some history will help explain this and indicate a partial solution.

    The history

    When the treaty establishing the IMF was negotiated 80 years ago, it was expected to have resources equal to roughly 3% of global GDP. This was to help deal with the monetary and balance of payments problems of 44 countries. Today, the IMF is expected to help its 191 member countries deal with fiscal, monetary, financial and foreign exchange problems and with “new” issues like climate, gender and inequality.

    To fulfil these responsibilities, its member states have provided the IMF with resources equal to only about 1% of global GDP.

    The decline in its resources relative to the size of the global economy and of its membership has at least two pernicious effects.

    The first is that it is providing its member states with less financial support than they require if they are to meet the needs of their citizens and comply with their legal commitments to creditors and citizens. The result is that the IMF remains a purveyor of austerity policies. It requires a country to make deeper spending cuts than would be needed if the IMF had adequate resources.

    The second effect of declining resources is that it weakens the IMF’s bargaining position in managing sovereign debt crises. This is important because the IMF plays a critical role in such crises. It helps determine when a country needs debt relief or forgiveness, how big the gap between the country’s financial obligations and available resources is, how much the IMF will contribute to filling this gap and how much its other creditors must contribute.

    When Mexico announced that it could not meet its debt obligations in 1982, the IMF stated that it would provide about a third of the money that Mexico needed to meet its obligations, provided its commercial creditors contributed the remaining funds. It was able to push the creditors to reach agreement with Mexico within months. It had sufficient resources to repeat the exercise in other developing countries in Latin America and eastern Europe.

    The conditions that the IMF imposed on Mexico and the other debtor countries in return for this financial support created serious problems for these countries. Still, the IMF was an effective actor in the 1980s debt crisis.

    Today, the IMF is unable to play such a decisive role. For example, it has provided Zambia with less than 10% of its financing needs. It has been four years since Zambia defaulted on its debt and, even with IMF support, it has not yet concluded restructuring agreements with all its creditors.

    What is to be done?

    The solution to this problem requires the rich countries to provide sufficient finances for the IMF to carry out its mandate. They must also surrender some control and make the organisation more democratic and accountable.

    In the short term, the IMF can take two actions.

    First, it must set out detailed policies and procedures that explain to its own staff, to its member states and to the inhabitants of these states what it can and will do. These policies should clarify the criteria that the IMF will use to determine when and how to incorporate climate, gender, inequality and other social issues into IMF operations.

    They should also describe with whom it will consult, how external actors can engage with the IMF and the process it will follow in designing and implementing its operations. In fact, there are international norms and standards that the IMF can use to develop policies and procedures that are principled and transparent.

    Second, the IMF must acknowledge that the issues raised by its expanded mandate are complex and that the risk of mistakes is high.

    Consequently, the IMF needs a mechanism that can help it identify its mistakes, address their adverse impacts in a timely manner and avoid repeating them.

    In short, the IMF must create an independent accountability mechanism such as an external ombudsman who can receive complaints.

    Currently, the IMF is the only multilateral financial institution without such a mechanism. It therefore lacks the means for identifying unanticipated problems in its operations when they can still be corrected and for learning about the impact of its operations on the communities and people it is supposed to be helping.

    SOURCE

    THE CONVERSATION

    PHOTO: CREDIT NDTV

     

     

  • Burkina Faso, Mali, And Niger Finalize Plan To Form Confederation

    Burkina Faso, Mali, And Niger Finalize Plan To Form Confederation

    First Published,19th May,2024, Tekedia News

    In a historic move, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have finalized their plan to form a confederation, officially marking their shift away from former colonial ruler France and toward closer ties with Russia.

    The announcement came after a meeting of the countries’ foreign ministers in Niger’s capital, Niamey.

    The newly formed Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) aims to institutionalize and operationalize a unified front to tackle the region’s security and economic challenges.

    Niger’s Foreign Minister, Bakary Yaou Sangare, detailed the outcomes of the meeting in a statement released late Friday.

    “The objective was to finalize the draft text relating to the institutionalization and operationalization of the Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES),” Sangare stated.

    A New Era for The Sahel

    The draft text, which will be presented for adoption by the heads of state of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger at an upcoming summit, signifies a significant geopolitical shift in the region. Although the exact date of the summit was not disclosed, the formation of the AES marks a clear intent to establish a new regional order.

    Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop, after meeting with General Abdourahamane Tiani, head of Niger’s military regime, declared the birth of the AES.

    “We can consider very clearly, today, that the Confederation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) has been born,” Diop announced.

    The Sahel region, plagued by jihadist violence for years, has seen increasing frustration with France’s inability to curb the insurgency.

    Also, the French government has been accused of exploiting its former colonies. This dissatisfaction has led Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to sever ties with the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which they accuse of being under French influence. The three countries announced their departure from ECOWAS in January, paving the way for the formation of the AES.

    Seeking New Alliances 

    The AES’s pivot towards Russia reflects a broader trend in African geopolitics, where countries are seeking new alliances beyond traditional Western powers. This realignment underscores a desire for diversified diplomatic and military support, especially in combating terrorism and fostering economic development.

    The establishment of the AES is seen as a strategic move to enhance regional cooperation and address the persistent threat of jihadist violence. By pooling resources and coordinating efforts, the member states aim to create a more effective response to security challenges that have long plagued the Sahel region.

    However, the formation of the AES also raises questions about the future of regional cooperation in West Africa. With Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger charting their own course, the dynamics within ECOWAS and the broader West African region are likely to shift.

    There is concern that the AES could potentially attract other nations facing similar challenges and frustrations with existing regional bodies.

    Ousmane Sonko, recently appointed as Senegal’s Prime Minister, has reportedly hinted at the possibility of closing French military bases in the country. This move aligns with Sonko’s long-standing stance against French influence in Senegal, a remnant of its colonial past.

    Sonko and President Bassirou Diomaye Faye, have expressed a commitment to greater national sovereignty, including reevaluating foreign military presence and renegotiating mining, oil, and gas contracts to better benefit Senegal.

    “We must question the reasons why the French army for example still benefits from several military bases in our country and the impact of this presence on our national sovereignty and our strategic autonomy,” he said.

    “I reiterate here the desire of Senegal to have its own control, which is incompatible with the lasting presence of foreign military bases in Senegal… Many countries have promised defense agreements, but this does not justify the fact that a third of the Dakar region is now occupied by foreign garrisons.

    “More than 60 years after our independence… we must question the reasons why the French army for example still benefits from several military bases in our country and the impact of this presence on our national sovereignty and our strategic autonomy.”

    Thus, the AES represents a bold step for Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger as they seek to redefine their regional and international relationships. By moving away from French influence and aligning more closely with Russia, these nations are signaling their intent to take control of their own security and economic destinies. 

    However, experts believe that the success of the AES will depend on the member states’ ability to effectively collaborate and implement their shared goals in the face of ongoing regional challenges.

    SOURCE

    TEKEDIA NEWS

     

     

  • Niger and Russia are forming military ties: 3 ways this could upset old allies

     

    1. Senior lecturer in Politics and International Relations, Leeds Beckett University

    Published: January 29, 2024 3.08pm SAST,The Conversation

    In July 2023, Niger’s military took over in a coup just two years after the country’s first transition to civilian power. The coup has brought into sharp focus the role of foreign countries in Niger’s politics.

    Before the coup, France and the US were the main security allies of Niger. But the coup leaders, led by General Abdourahamane Tchiani, were open about their antagonism to France, the country’s former colonial ruler, and ordered the French military to leave.

    Now the attention of many people in Niger has shifted to Russia.

    Since the coup, several analysts have highlighted the role of Russia. Some analysts and regional experts believe Russia might have played a role directly or indirectly in the military takeover.

    Others (including myself) argue that Russia is increasing its grip on the country and actively seeking to benefit from the coup. This was evident when Russia and Niger recently agreed to develop military ties.

    Although the details of this partnership are still sketchy, Russia promised to increase the “combat readiness” of Niger’s military. In addition, there are discussions to partner in the areas of agriculture and energy.

    I have been researching the security dynamics of the region for over a decade. The Niger junta’s romance with Russia has potential implications for peace and security in the region and beyond.

    I have identified three main potential implications for Niger and other allied countries:

    • escalation of tensions between Niger and France
    • discontent between Niger and its regional allies
    • likely disruption of a US$13 billiongas pipeline project from Nigeria to the European Union through Niger.

    Russia in the region

    After the 2023 coup, France and the regional economic bloc Ecowas threatened to use force to reinstate the deposed president.Russia warned against such a move.

    The military junta then expelled French soldiers. France responded by closing its embassy in Niger.

    The US also reduced its military and economic cooperation. Washington cut aid to the country by more than US$500 million and removed the country from its duty free export programme.

    The European Union also instituted sanctions. Niger then cancelled its security and migration agreements with the European bloc.

    Ecowas sanctioned Niger. Another major ally, Nigeria, cut electricity and instituted further sanctions.

    The sanctions, coupled with an increase in insecurity, weakened and isolated Niger.

    Rather than budge, the junta looked for alternative partners – like Russia and China. It also recently joined Mali and Burkina Faso to announce a withdrawal from Ecowas.

    For its part, Russia was positioning itself as a reliable ally. In December 2023, a Russian delegation visited Niger and in January 2024, Niger’s Prime Minister Ali Mahamane Lamine Zeine visited Moscow to discuss military and economic ties.

    Russia is no stranger to the region. Over the last three years it has set up security arrangements with the juntas running Niger’s neighbours: Mali and Burkina Faso. This has been done through the Wagner group, a private security company supported by Russia, whose operations in Africa were renamed Africa Corps in early 2024.

    Russian military advisers have been operating in Mali since 2021. In addition, the Wagner group has 400 mercenaries in the country. Russia also delivered military hardware to the country in 2022.

    Implications

    There are three main potential implications for Niger and other allied countries.

    First, a potential escalation of tensions between Niger and France. This will happen if Niger grants Russia uranium exploration rights that affect French companies with existing licences. Niger has suspended new mining licences and is currently auditing existing ones. This could affect French companies. France has vowed to protect its economic interests in Niger.

    It depends on how the partnership between Russia and Niger develops, in particular how Niger intends to pay for its share of any military cooperation. If this involves the Wagner group, as is the case in security partnerships between Russia and Burkina Faso and Mali, the issue of mining concessions will come into play. Mali and Burkina Faso have paid for Wagner’s involvement by offering mining concessions in return for arms, ammunition and mercenaries.

    Second, any security tie involving the Wagner group would create further discontent between Niger and its regional allies, especially Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon.

    Following the coup, Niger announced it was leaving the G5 Sahel, which was set up to coordinate security operations in the Sahel. This has turned attention to the country’s participation in the Multinational Joint Task Force.

    Both institutions were set up to fight insurgency in the region and Niger has been an active contributor. The other countries in the joint task force, such as Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon and Benin Republic, will be wary of working with Niger if it is in active partnership with Wagner, which is notorious for human rights abuses.

    The third likely major fallout from Russia’s involvement revolves around Niger’s relationship with the EU. The EU is currently constructing a US$13 billion gas pipeline from Nigeria to the bloc through Niger. The pipeline project was designed to reduce the EU’s dependence on Russian gas.

    Based on Russia’s animosity with the EU, I believe Russia could use the security alliance to disrupt the project in order to secure its gas delivery to the EU.

    The junta can use the pipeline project as leverage against the EU by demanding major financial concessions, putting the delivery of the project at risk and strengthening Russia’s position.

    Migration is another area of contention when it comes to the EU. Niger now allows mass illegal migration through its territory for onward journey to Europe. This will create more problems for the EU.

    The active presence of Russia in Niger could change the security and economic landscape of the region and affect all parties.

    I maintain my initial position that rather than use force, the Niger junta should be encouraged to restore democracy as soon as possible. At the same time, some of the sanctions should be lifted to encourage dialogue and reduce the influence of Russia.

    SOURCE 

    The Conversation 

    Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in the article are solly that of the author and shall not in any way be taken to mean the official position of the Eco-Enviro News,Africa magazine.